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STEM Educators Guide: Women in STEM: Physics

Quote: Claudia Alexander

"Science and math are fascinating and fundamental. They require as much discipline to study and master as an athlete working to be a football player, or a musician attempting to land a recording contract. Hours and hours of practice go into the mastery of the field. But the rewards are just as terrific!"

NASA interview with Claudia Alexander (n.d.)

"Sometimes my courage fails me and I think I ought to stop working, live in the country and devote myself to gardening. But I am held by a thousand bonds...

Nor do I know whether, even by writing scientific books, I could live without the laboratory."

Letter to her sister Bronya. Madame Curie by Eve Curie (1937)

Physicists

Achievement: Winner of the National Medal of Science in 2007. Became the second tenured woman at the University of Pennsylvania. 

Achievement: Project Scientist for the U.S. portion of the international Rosetta mission. Worked with NASA's Cassini Project Science team. Also authored several STEM-related books for children.

Achievement: Discovered that diseases like scrapie and mad cow replicated without DNA. Her early work in the 1960s proved valuable during the “mad cow disease” epidemic" in Great Britain in the 1990s. 

Achievement: British engineer, mathematician, physicist and inventor. Born Phoebe Sarah Marks, she was awarded the prestigious Hughes Medal by the Royal Society for her work on electric arcs and ripples in sand and water (1906).

Achievement: Worked for NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. Become the first African-American woman to earn a doctorate in Astronomy from the University of Michigan (1998).

Physicists

Achievement: Nobel Prize in 1963 for nuclear physics and the nuclear shell model. 

Achievement: Called the "German Marie Curie" by Albert Einstein. Discovered the element protactinium (1917); co-discovered nuclear fission (1938).

Achievement: Co-winner of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering a technique, "chirped pulse amplification" or CPA, to create high-intensity laser pulses.

Achievement: Worked at Columbia University during the Manhattan Project, helping develop the process for separating uranium metal into U-235 and U-238 isotopes. Also developed improved Geiger counters for measuring nuclear radiation levels. She is believed to have been the only Chinese person to have worked on the Manhattan Project.

Achievement: Contributed to the discovery of three fundamental particles, including the Higgs boson and the gluon, which make up the matter and elements of the universe.

Achievement: Second woman to win a Nobel prize in medicine (1977), for co-developing the groundbreaking technique radio-immunoassay (RIA).